LOGIC. WHAT ARE DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS? PART 2.

To Continue with this Article, I would like to make the following Perfectly Clear, so there is No Misunderstanding.

JUST BECAUSE AN ARGUMENT IS LOGICALLY VALID, DOES NOT MAKE IT TRUE.  IT JUST MEANS THAT IT IS CONSTRUCTED PROPERLY.

The example I used as a VALID DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT IS REPRINTED BELOW;

All Politicians are Deceitful People.-  PREMISE

All Deceitful People can't be Trusted.-  PREMISE.

Therefore, All Politicians can't Be Trusted.

                                           

CONCLUSION.

THE CONCLUSION, ALL POLITICIANS CAN'T BE TRUSTED, IS MEANINGLESS BY ITSELF.  USED ALONE, SUCH A STATEMENT IS CONSIDERED LOGICALLY VALUELESS, AND IS NOTHING MORE THAN AN ASSERTION.

THE TRUTH OR ACCURACY OF THE CONCLUSION RESTS WITH THE PREMISES THAT ARE USED TO SUPPORT IT.  AS I WROTE IN PART 1;

IF THE PREMISES ARE TRUE, THE CONCLUSION MUST BE TRUE.

So, when you hear an ARGUMENT BEING MADE ADVOCATING ONE SIDE

OF AN ISSUE YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH,  AVOID FOCUSING ON THE 

JUDGMENT OR CONCLUSION BEING MADE. THE PREMISES BEING 

USED TO SUPPORT THEM IS WHERE YOU WILL FIND THE REAL SUBSTANCE OR VALUE OF THE ARGUMENT.

Returning to the Example, in order for the CONCLUSION-  ALL POLITICIANS CAN'T BE TRUSTED, TO BE TRUE, THE PREMISES:

-  ALL POLITICIANS ARE DECEITFUL PEOPLE.

AND

-  ALL DECEITFUL PEOPLE CAN'T BE TRUSTED.

MUST BE  PROVEN TO BE TRUE, OR THE CONCLUSION CANNOT 

STAND UP AS ACCURATE.

To Further Clarify, Consider These Arguments, Different

Versions of Ones I've Heard over the Years.

                 # 1                                                                 #2

ANYONE WHO BELIEVES IN HUMAN                IF YOU ARE CHRISTIAN, THEN YOU

EVOLUTION IS AN ATHEIST.                               ARE ANTI-SCIENCE.         

                                                               

ALL ATHEISTS DO NOT BELIEVE                     IF YOU ARE ANTI- SCIENCE, 

IN GOD.                                                                 YOU DO NOT FOLLOW THE 

                                                                               SCIENTIFIC METHOD.                                                               

THEREFORE, IF YOU BELIEVE IN                      

HUMAN EVOLUTION,YOU DO NOT                    THEREFORE, IF YOU ARE A CHRISTIAN,

BELIEVE IN GOD.                                                 YOU DO NOT FOLLOW THE SCIENTIFIC

                                                                                 METHOD.

THESE ARE VALID DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS.  HOWEVER, ARE THEY TRUE?